Modern approaches in the development of biocompatible titanium alloys with a high level of performance properties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/steelcast2022.02.088Keywords:
biomedical titanium alloys, endoprosthetics, biocompatibility, low modulus alloys, Ti-Zr-Nb, Ti-Zr-Nb-SnAbstract
The analysis of the main aspects of titanium alloys for endoprosthetics creation were overviewed from the point of most optimum complex of operational characteristics – biocompatibility and mechanical properties.
Known biomedical alloys, which are still widely used, often contain toxic components – Al, V, Fe, Cr and Co. Obviously, the maximum biocompatibility is achieved by alloying titanium with non-toxic elements, the list of which among base metals is very limited: Zr, Nb, Ta, Sn, Mo.
The combination of the task of ensuring maximum biocompatibility and high mechanical properties requires finding the optimal chemical compositions of alloys. It is important to follow the modern condition of ensuring the minimum modulus of elasticity of the alloy for endoprosthesis, which significantly increases the safety and durability of its exploitation. During the processing of literature sources it was determined that these requirements are best met by next alloys: Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ti24Nb-12Zr and Ti-(24-26)Nb-(4-8)Zr-(7-8Sn). Their tensile strength is at the level of 800–1000 MPa, and modulus of elasticity – at the level of 45–65 GPa.
Approaches and methods of additional reduction of elasticity modulus with simultaneous increase of strength are considered. It is established that the most effective ways are based on intensive plastic deformation, grain refining after recrystallization and heat treatment, which includes hardening and short-term aging.
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